Last week, my broker abruptly ran out of SSO shortable shares, forcing me to buy them and consequently eliminated my portfolio hedge. Today, I replenished a portion of my market hedge by selling a call spread on SSO using the $50 and $60 strike prices. Recall, I initiated a similar position in March 2011, which concluded in January 2012, netting me $621. Over the next few weeks, I will look to build on this short position. Top Five is updated accordingly.

Trade details:

SSO 50Sep12C short -2 8.25  $    1,642.45
SSO 60Sep12C bought 2 3.27  $     (661.52)

I’m upset to report that my broker ran out of shortable shares of SSO, and my position was subjected to a mandatory buy-in.  Hence, my largest position and entire portfolio short hedge was bought to cover at $52.76.

I will spend the weekend contemplating how I want to proceed.  One choice would be to sell out-of-the-money call spreads, as I have done historically.  Another choice would be to initiate a short position in E-mini S&P 500 futures.  I will update the Top Five page next week when I somehow refund this position.

I had a lot of positions change today, and a lot of money moved around.  I’ll tackle this step by step.

Options Expiration

First, options expiration was Friday, and I had two positions to account for.  My short GDX put (at $52) finished out of the money, netting me a cool $450.  My short SSO call spread (short $50, long $60) finished in the money, but still netted me $621, which is the difference between the $787 premium I received in March and the current position value of $166.  For an introduction to options, click here.  To learn more about call spreads, click here.

With selling the SSO call at $50 and the shares ending at $50.83, I was assigned 200 shares (2 option contracts at 100 shares each) at $50 each.  This increased my portfolio short position by $10k ($50 x 200 shares), which is a significant increase.  To match this exposure on the short side, I decided to deploy cash toward the long side.

Investing in Fama-French

Earlier this month, I expressed my discontent with the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and argued that the Fama-French 4 Factor Model was superior.  Reasonably thinking, since I had to purchase equities, I was able to invest in the risk factor methodologies that Fama and French support.  To do this, I purchased exchange traded funds TILT and PDP.  TILT is designed to replicate the Fama-French 3 Factor Model, focused on market, style, and size, by tilting the portfolio toward value stocks and small cap stocks.  PDP is a momentum fund, with momentum as the fourth risk factor in the Fama-French 4 Factor Model.

Trade Details

I purchased 150 shares of TILT at $54.65 and 65 shares of PDP at $24.93.  These long equity positions total $9.8k, which aligns well with my new $10k short position (from the SSO options).  One trade execution issue I had with purchasing TILT is market impact.  Since the fund trades on low volume, my bid moved the price.  As you can see, my 150 shares were the first traded shares of the day.

With an illiquid security, I verified that the net asset value ($54.67) was in line with what I paid.

Top Five is updated to incorporate changes to GDX, SSO, and TILT.

Two months ago, I swapped out my short position in UYG for a short position in FAS.  The goal was to further take advantage of the dubious compounding intrinsic to levered ETFs.  Unfortunately, my broker ran out of shortable shares today (yes, this is real money being dealt with).  Thus, my position was closed upon the market’s open today.  I look forward to replenishing this position, or something similar to it, in 2012.  The Top Five page is now updated.

10/21/2011 FAS short 150 13.55  $    2,022.51
11/10/2011 FAS rev split 1:5 30 67.75  $             -  
12/30/2011 FAS bought to cover 30 65.35  $   (1,969.45)
           $        53.06

I slightly altered the commodities composition of my portfolio today.  I sold DBC, the commodities ETF, to fund GDXJ, a junior gold miners ETF.  The problem with some of the futures-based ETFs is the roll yield expense.  Since the ETF has certain rules it uses and discloses, other market participants can move first, making futures rollovers marginally more expensive for the ETF.  I alluded to this a few weeks ago when I traded out of my DBA position.

The thesis of buying GDXJ has more to do with my view of gold as a currency.  I continue to believe that the US Dollar is a shaky currency, despite the sideshow in Europe right now.  The coordination of central banks yesterday may be intended to provide funds that the private market is not supplying, however I view it as a means to make dollars cheaper and enable the use of other currencies as capital.

At present, there is no need to offer liquidity in non-domestic currencies other than the U.S. dollar, but the central banks judge it prudent to make the necessary arrangements so that liquidity support operations could be put into place quickly should the need arise.

http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20111130a.htm

Thus, while I view the effort as sound, it implies to investors an ability to utilize capital alternatives to the US Dollar.  Perhaps this is an acknowledgement that the US Dollar is losing its reserve status.  This remains to be seen.

As for my gold positions, the gold thesis is an anticipation of higher inflation, falling long-term yields, and softening economy.  The fact that the yellow metal has outperformed the shares generally indicates that the shares will play catch-up.  A brief check still shows this to be true.  Operating margins for top gold miners are increasing (on a quarterly basis), thus the increase in gold prices should flow through the income statement to the benefit of shareholders over stakeholders.  Another reason for the price disparity may lay with the fact that sell-side analysts have low gold price estimates in their estimates for 2012.  With these two arguments in hand, I feel good about purchasing gold miners.

Since I already own gold miners in the form of GDX, complementing this position with gold exploration companies, also known as “juniors,” seems to be a logical step.  GDXJ generally sports a high covariance with GDX.  However, at the beginning of August the returns of the two seemed to split.  I don’t have a reason for this and have yet to find a convincing article as to why.  Feel free to send me thoughts on this if you have any.

Top Five is update accordingly.

Keeping score for DBC:

1/19/2010 DBC buy 50 24.5  $   (1,232.00)
6/4/2010 DBC buy 50 21.5  $   (1,082.00)
3/7/2011 DBC32JulC sold 1 1  $        91.74
7/15/2011 DBC32JulC expired 1 0  $             -  
12/1/2011 DBC sold 100 27.5  $    2,742.94
           $      520.68

Today, I swapped out of SDS and purchased DBA to replace it.  Let’s walk through the trade as it alters the Top Five.

As a review, SDS is an levered ETF that performs 2x opposite of the market’s daily return.  I originally made the purchases in September and December 2009 because I wanted to hedge my long positions with a market short position in a long-only account.  After making some tactical errors, I learned that levered ETFs should not be owned by investors with time horizons longer than a day.  Here’s why…

Arithmetic versus Geometric

Most people understand an average to be an arithmetic average.  That is, in a series of returns {+50%,-50%}, the arithmetic average is 0%.  However, the geometric average takes into account previous movements.  The same series above thus yields -25%, where 1*(1+.50)*(1+-.50) = 0.75.  The longer an investor holds this position, the longer he is exposed to the compounded downward effect of the leverage more so than the levered upward gain.  Over time, this diminishes investor returns.  Consider this example of a levered long oil ETF and a levered short oil ETF:

The Proshares Ultra Oil & Gas ETF (DIG) and UltraShort Oil and Gas ETF (NYSE: DUG) are the respective double long and double short for the IYE benchmark. During the 2008 period of massive oil price fluctuations, DUG lost a very respectable 19%, while DIG came over the top with a 69% loss.
Source:  Investopedia
 
As soon as an investor holds a levered ETF for more than a day, he is exposed to this effect.  Back to my SDS example, I wanted to short the market.  Even though the market moved against me for an expected loss of 20%, the compounded levered downward effect resulted in a loss closer to 30%.
9/15/2009 SDS 50 40.9  $   (2,052.00)
12/1/2009 SDS 50 35.64  $   (1,789.00)
10/3/2011 SDS 100 26.511  $    2,644.04
         $   (1,196.96)

The Good News

The good news is that investors can take advantage of these securities by shorting them.  For example, in a margin account, I shorted SSO in Decemer 2010.  Since SSO is levered to the market, and I believe the market will fall, shorting SSO enables me to take a bearish position and benefit from the downward leverage.

Swapping to DBA

With cash from the sale of SDS, I purchased DBA, an agriculture ETF.  The main purpose for buying DBA is that I needed a place to park money.  Since I already have a significant cash position (see asset allocation), I needed a relatively safe asset that benefits from long term rising prices, is safe, and is not US Treasuries.  DBA seems to fit the bill, for now.

Overlap

By owning DBA, I have substantial overlap with two existing holdings:  DBC (commodities) and JJG (grains).  Over the next several weeks (or months), I will likely trade out of one of these positions, possibly by selling calls.  While having three positions with overlap is not ideal, it allows me some trading flexibility in the near term.  The DBA purchase was 100 shares at $29.70 per share.

Top Five is updated accordingly.

With Operation Twist underway, commodities prices have descended over the past week or so.  As I wrote earlier last month (and made a substantial purchase), I fully believe that gold is a place to be.  To drive this conclusion, we looked for three variables:  rising inflation, falling yields, and economic weakness.

Inflation is still rising (3.8% over the last 12 months, which is an even greater increase than September’s 3.6% TTM figure).  Yields, thanks to the Fed, have certainly continued descending over the past three months (see image).  The economy is, and will remain, weak for some time.

(Image from MarketWatch)

On the valuation side, gold stocks still seem to be lagging the metal on both 1yr and 5yr time periods.  Hence, a long GDX position is more attractive than a long GLD position at this time.  As for acting now, the security (and gold) has fallen substantially in the past few weeks.  However, my investment thesis is unchanged–it even may have strengthened.  Adding to my commodities on current weakness is a logical move.  To execute the trade, I sold a put on GDX.  Since I am considering increasing my position on a recent decline, I would be more willing to invest at an even lower price.  Selling the put fulfills this desire while providing income in the process.  The put is secured by cash, which I otherwise would not have deployed over the next few months.

Specifically, I sold one GDX Jan12 52P at $4.65.  Net of commission fees, my breakeven price is roughly $47.50.  If GDX stays above $52 through January, I pocket $450.02.  If GDX falls below $52 at expiration, I have committed to purchasing 100 shares at $52 with the $450 subsidy, effectively making the breakeven price $47.50.

My Top Five positions has been updated accordingly.

For more information how selling cash secured puts (and covered calls) generates income, read Options – Income Producing Strategies.

When an investment manager uses meaningful data and reasonable assumptions to formulate his investment theses, and is successful at executing his strategies, he will attract my attention.  Most managers are too short-sighted in that what they present as evidence either does not prove reliable over various time periods or is not the most important data that should be used.  Some of my favorite managers, who have demonstrated the ability to construct logical investment theses and profit from them, are Jeremy Grantham, John Hussman, Peter Schiff, and PIMCO’s team (headed by Mohammed El-Erian and Bill Gross).  Moreover, each of them views capital markets from a slightly different perspective, which include history, econometrics, currency, and fixed income (respectively).  Add in The Economist (international perspective), and the eclectic mix of brainpower provides me with a good overall sense of how capital markets will move. 

Today, I am primarily using John Hussman’s research, and I corroborate it the best I can.  In his article Going for the Gold, Hussman explains the scenario in which investors should own gold.  To accomplish this, he uses meaningful market data points with safe assumptions, which are backed by statistical correlations.  His explanation is a more complete description (which you should read), but I will attempt to summarize it here.

First, gold should be owned when either world inflation is rising or the US Dollar is falling.  These can be observed when inflation is rising, long term yields are falling, AND the economy is softening.  The assumptions that tie some of these together are based on foreign exchange parity relations, but again, for the full story in his words, see Hussman’s article.

Currently, we have all three factors in play.  Inflation is rising (3.6% over that past 12 months), yields are falling (graph), and the economy is weak. 

(Image from MarketWatch)

Furthermore, I believe these general trends are likely to persist.  The Federal Reserve will continue to purchase long-term securities, which keeps yields low.  Meanwhile, inefficient fiscal policy will continue to propel inflation, and confidence (or lack thereof) will constrain production.

The final variable is a matter of execution.  We know that given the current situation, gold is likely to perform.  To determine the best method for acquiring gold, two main ownership options exist:  actual gold and gold stocks.  Recently, gold has rallied significantly relative to gold stocks.

(Image from MarketWatch)

Gold is the main export for gold producing companies, so increased gold prices means more revenue will flow through the income statement.  The disparity in the graph above shows that this increase in gold companies’ earnings, relative to gold, is not accounted for.  Therefore, gold stocks appear to be lagging gold, and are relatively more attractive.

To participate in this opportunity, I purchased the gold stocks exchange traded fund, GDX, 100 shares at $55.20 per share.  This is one of my larger positions and is reflected as such on the Top Five page.

Here are some other stories of interest that compliment the thesis above:

Switzerland and Japan are weaking thier currencies to remain competitive

Opinion piece arguing US should be downgraded (hence money looking for a new safe like gold)

Opinion piece arguing long gold stocks and short gold

BNY Mellon imposes fee on rapidly growing deposits  indicative of lots of cash looking for a home (perhaps gold)

Over the past several quarters, I’ve had a bearish perspective on homebuilders. The reasoning for this stance is that homebuilders benefited abnormally from a colossal housing boom and that numerous factors could hinder homebuilders’ performance. Last May, in How a Housing Bubble is Created and the Oncoming Housing Bust, I discussed a gauntlet of harm originating from rising interest rates, the elimination of first-time homebuyer tax credit, unemployment/weak economy, and decreased foreign funding. The elimination of the homebuyer subsidy certainly took the edge off of housing sales since demand was pulled forward, and economic conditions have kept home prices subdued. We haven’t seen much in the way of rising rates, yet this may still be a few quarters away.

 Meanwhile, new market threats have come into play as financing remains weak and conversations on Capitol Hill include abolishing mortgage interest rate deductions. On the credit side, a fierce 23-28% of mortgages are underwater, and a glut of delinquencies and unforeclosed homes still hang on supply. I am equally pessimistic on the economy, since growth typically follows periods of high real interest rates, not the current depressed/negative real rates that we have.

To capitalize on this hostile situation, I historically shorted or purchased put options on ITB, an exchange traded fund comprised of homebuilders. However, using this security alone no longer seems to be the best maneuver since some companies in this fund are profiting from the downturn. Reasonably thinking, betting against such best-of-breed stocks like NVR and Toll Brothers seems imprudent. Instead, I am refining my tactic by betting smaller amounts against a broader number of weaker homebuilder stocks. ITB put options will accompany these positions.

After mulling through a handful of analyst reports from S&P, Morningstar, and Zelman, a few themes stand out. First, no matter how you slice it, NVR performs head and shoulders above its peers. Its asset light model is profitable even in market downturns. This is not a stock to bet against. Second, the analyst’s macroeconomic, top-down perspective dictates how homebuilders fare. Now, this may seem obvious, but consider the chart below; S&P currently views the homebuilders industry as negative while Morningstar and Zelman are a bit more optimistic. Third, location matters. This is a gimmie in local real estate, but the same holds true nationwide; the Sunbelt states, notably Arizona, Nevada, and Florida, will have far greater delinquencies and depressed demand than other areas. Homebuilders with exposure here will struggle.



Today’s trades:

Bought 1 NVR @ $779.00

Shorted 75 KBH @ $15.05

Shorted 50 RYL @ $17.60

Shorted 65 MHO @ $15.10

Bought 2 SPF 9 Sep11 puts @ $4.60

I also made a few bids to marginally increase my ITB position, but they ended the day unfilled.  I may try again as the week progresses.  I will update the Top Five after these trades execute or at the end of the week.

I had 7 ITB put contracts, at a strike price of $17.50, that were set to expire tomorrow.  So, I sold them today, at $3.70 each, while I could ensure a buyer.  I still retain 3 put contracts on ITB for April and intend on using funds from this sale to continue betting against homebuilder stocks.  I will likely use the weekend to determine how best to allocate funds, and I will update the Top Five at that time.

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