Back in September, I discussed the paradox of the US debt rating downgrade causing the US 10yr yield to fall.  Through parity relationships, we normally would have expected interest rates to rise.  My action at the time was to short US Treasuries by shorting the IEI ETF, which corresponds to the 3-7 year portion of the US Treasuries curve.  My thesis centered on the idea that economic malaise and/or currency devaluation would not be tolerated.  We see flashes of this with protestors in the occupy movement and rhetoric on the primary campaign trail.  However, I’ve realized that I am too early here.

I recently wrote in the inflation/deflation debate, that “For rates to rise, the US dollar would likely need to lose a significant value relative to other currencies.  At the very least, shorting Treasuries seems imprudent in the short run.”  While I believe shorting US Treasuries will be profitable in the long run, this trade is too early.  The current situation enables both US Treasuries and gold to perform concurrently.

Hence, I covered my short position today at a small loss, mostly attributable to transaction costs.  I may use the freed up margin to initiate other short positions in the near future.

9/2/2011 IEI short -15 121.7  $    1,815.51
10/7/2011 IEI dividend      $         (2.18)
11/7/2011 IEI dividend      $         (2.31)
12/7/2011 IEI dividend      $         (1.94)
1/4/2012 IEI dividend      $         (1.81)
1/10/2012 IEI bought to cover 15 121.84  $   (1,836.70)
           $       (29.43)

John Hussman, a favorite of mine, published his weekly commentary today arguing that the present circumstances still pose a recession risk for the US.  His thesis counters recent positive economic reports by claiming that the recent news focuses on economic data that is a lagging or coincident indicator (not leading) or has weak historical significance.  For example, the unemployment rate tends to peak at least 9 months after a recession has begun; thus, such a data point should not be used to predict a recession.

http://www.hussmanfunds.com/wmc/wmc120109.htm

I slightly altered the commodities composition of my portfolio today.  I sold DBC, the commodities ETF, to fund GDXJ, a junior gold miners ETF.  The problem with some of the futures-based ETFs is the roll yield expense.  Since the ETF has certain rules it uses and discloses, other market participants can move first, making futures rollovers marginally more expensive for the ETF.  I alluded to this a few weeks ago when I traded out of my DBA position.

The thesis of buying GDXJ has more to do with my view of gold as a currency.  I continue to believe that the US Dollar is a shaky currency, despite the sideshow in Europe right now.  The coordination of central banks yesterday may be intended to provide funds that the private market is not supplying, however I view it as a means to make dollars cheaper and enable the use of other currencies as capital.

At present, there is no need to offer liquidity in non-domestic currencies other than the U.S. dollar, but the central banks judge it prudent to make the necessary arrangements so that liquidity support operations could be put into place quickly should the need arise.

http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/monetary/20111130a.htm

Thus, while I view the effort as sound, it implies to investors an ability to utilize capital alternatives to the US Dollar.  Perhaps this is an acknowledgement that the US Dollar is losing its reserve status.  This remains to be seen.

As for my gold positions, the gold thesis is an anticipation of higher inflation, falling long-term yields, and softening economy.  The fact that the yellow metal has outperformed the shares generally indicates that the shares will play catch-up.  A brief check still shows this to be true.  Operating margins for top gold miners are increasing (on a quarterly basis), thus the increase in gold prices should flow through the income statement to the benefit of shareholders over stakeholders.  Another reason for the price disparity may lay with the fact that sell-side analysts have low gold price estimates in their estimates for 2012.  With these two arguments in hand, I feel good about purchasing gold miners.

Since I already own gold miners in the form of GDX, complementing this position with gold exploration companies, also known as “juniors,” seems to be a logical step.  GDXJ generally sports a high covariance with GDX.  However, at the beginning of August the returns of the two seemed to split.  I don’t have a reason for this and have yet to find a convincing article as to why.  Feel free to send me thoughts on this if you have any.

Top Five is update accordingly.

Keeping score for DBC:

1/19/2010 DBC buy 50 24.5  $   (1,232.00)
6/4/2010 DBC buy 50 21.5  $   (1,082.00)
3/7/2011 DBC32JulC sold 1 1  $        91.74
7/15/2011 DBC32JulC expired 1 0  $             -  
12/1/2011 DBC sold 100 27.5  $    2,742.94
           $      520.68

Last week I covered one of my major short positions, SDS.  Since then, the market has risen 5%, and the move saved me roughly $500.  Today, I reinstated a short position by shorting 40 shares of SSO at $44.10, bringing my total count to -100 SSO.

Reasons for shorting the market are threefold:

1)      I still believe that the market is overvalued.  With the S&P 500 at 1225, the market is pricing in future earnings of about $94 at a P/E multiple of 13 (where $94 x 13 = 1222).  However, this $94 of earnings likely assumes a continuation of above-average profit margins, which is unlikely, and relies on a continuation of economic expansion, which is also unlikely (perhaps more on this in a future posts).  I do not believe we will see multiple expansion.

2)      As mentioned last week, the performance of levered ETFs (for a time period more than one day) is dependent upon geometric, not arithmetic, returns.  So, shorting such a security, like SSO, captures this opportunity.

3)      On a personal note, I’ve come to the realization that my personal future income will be highly correlated to the performance of the stock market.  Therefore, if I were to model future labor income into my asset allocation equation, I would need an increasing allocation to short positions to hedge this labor income.  This factor will likely contribute to future short positions.

As far as commodity positions are concerned, I had an offer on DBA late in the afternoon, but it did not fill.

Top Five is updated accordingly.

Hussman wrote another great article this week:

At the point our nation recognizes that the pattern of repeated bubbles, crashes, and misallocation of capital is not solved by the Fed but is instead caused by the Fed, it will become clearer that the best path to economic recovery is to shift attention toward debt restructuring, real investment, useful infrastructure, and the creativity and work ethic of real human beings. Until then, we will have an economy built on speculation and paper, stacked into a flimsy house of cards.

http://www.hussmanfunds.com/wmc/wmc110905.htm

I spent minutes staring at this:  the US 10yr Treasury Bond finished the day at 1.99%.  I want the reader to first step back and think about the inherent paradox of investors buying a downgrade, and secondly, consider what a current and continued low rate structure implies.

Paradox

Last month, S&P downgraded the US’s sovereign credit rating from AAA to AA+ (with a negative outlook).  Since then, the US 10yr Treasury Bond yield has fallen from 2.40% to 1.99%.  This means that as US credit is officially considered to be worsening, more investors are buying it!  The opposite is normally true:  when a country is downgraded, investors normally demand higher compensation for lending funds to that country.  In the US’s current situation, the country suffered a downgrade and investors now demand less compensation for funds lent–quite the paradox!  I believe this situation to be unsustainable.

Implications

Suppressing interest rates to abnormally low levels both hurts the economy and the currency.  My assumptions are as follows:

  • An economy is based on what it produces
  • New sources of production depend on businesses investing in capital expenditures
  • Financing for capital expenditures depends on another party saving money (forgoing consumption)
  • Saving money requires an incentive of high interest rates

AND

  • Printing money to enable low rates (via purchasing treasuries) devalues the currency
  • A devalued currency appears as broad-based inflation with increased commodity prices

Today’s Trade

 I argue that the economic malaise, devalued currency, or both, will not be tolerated over the next few years.  I have already established investment positions for an economic downturn, and I have multiple positions that hedge against the US Dollar (see Commodities and Coins allocation in this pie graph).  Today’s trade directly attacks the yield curve.  I strongly believe that the US 10yr Treasury Bond will yield significantly higher than 1.99% in a few years.  I choose to short the 3-7 year portion of the curve by shorting 15 shares of IEI, which is a bond fund ETF mimicking the Treasury Yield curve, at $121.70.  Ideally, I would have like to have also shorted IEF, which is the 7-10 year portion of the curve, but shares of the ETF were unavailable for shorting; I may revisit this next week…  And for those of you who are long-time followers, I still own JFR and would consider purchasing more at a lower price.

When an investment manager uses meaningful data and reasonable assumptions to formulate his investment theses, and is successful at executing his strategies, he will attract my attention.  Most managers are too short-sighted in that what they present as evidence either does not prove reliable over various time periods or is not the most important data that should be used.  Some of my favorite managers, who have demonstrated the ability to construct logical investment theses and profit from them, are Jeremy Grantham, John Hussman, Peter Schiff, and PIMCO’s team (headed by Mohammed El-Erian and Bill Gross).  Moreover, each of them views capital markets from a slightly different perspective, which include history, econometrics, currency, and fixed income (respectively).  Add in The Economist (international perspective), and the eclectic mix of brainpower provides me with a good overall sense of how capital markets will move. 

Today, I am primarily using John Hussman’s research, and I corroborate it the best I can.  In his article Going for the Gold, Hussman explains the scenario in which investors should own gold.  To accomplish this, he uses meaningful market data points with safe assumptions, which are backed by statistical correlations.  His explanation is a more complete description (which you should read), but I will attempt to summarize it here.

First, gold should be owned when either world inflation is rising or the US Dollar is falling.  These can be observed when inflation is rising, long term yields are falling, AND the economy is softening.  The assumptions that tie some of these together are based on foreign exchange parity relations, but again, for the full story in his words, see Hussman’s article.

Currently, we have all three factors in play.  Inflation is rising (3.6% over that past 12 months), yields are falling (graph), and the economy is weak. 

(Image from MarketWatch)

Furthermore, I believe these general trends are likely to persist.  The Federal Reserve will continue to purchase long-term securities, which keeps yields low.  Meanwhile, inefficient fiscal policy will continue to propel inflation, and confidence (or lack thereof) will constrain production.

The final variable is a matter of execution.  We know that given the current situation, gold is likely to perform.  To determine the best method for acquiring gold, two main ownership options exist:  actual gold and gold stocks.  Recently, gold has rallied significantly relative to gold stocks.

(Image from MarketWatch)

Gold is the main export for gold producing companies, so increased gold prices means more revenue will flow through the income statement.  The disparity in the graph above shows that this increase in gold companies’ earnings, relative to gold, is not accounted for.  Therefore, gold stocks appear to be lagging gold, and are relatively more attractive.

To participate in this opportunity, I purchased the gold stocks exchange traded fund, GDX, 100 shares at $55.20 per share.  This is one of my larger positions and is reflected as such on the Top Five page.

Here are some other stories of interest that compliment the thesis above:

Switzerland and Japan are weaking thier currencies to remain competitive

Opinion piece arguing US should be downgraded (hence money looking for a new safe like gold)

Opinion piece arguing long gold stocks and short gold

BNY Mellon imposes fee on rapidly growing deposits  indicative of lots of cash looking for a home (perhaps gold)

Consumption is not prosperity.

GDP provides a misleading picture and a falsesense of security. Instead of revealing an economy that we all viscerally know is weaker than a decade ago, it suggests an economy that is within hailing distance of a new peak in prosperity for the average American.

http://finance.fortune.cnn.com/2011/04/20/lost-decade-weve-already-had-one/

Follow

Get every new post delivered to your Inbox.